https://www.weatherclimatehumansystems.org/home daily 1.0 2021-01-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1585425013309-KFI57585A4PL5AMVF1R6/Screen+Shot+2020-03-28+at+12.49.19+PM.png Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1585425136692-APNQHO92HPQ2I01ILVZ7/mark-merner-ZK69PVQj5nc-unsplash.jpg Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1585425170254-LNPH9HRZQIEIOFC3SU2A/electricity-energy-environmental-technology-33062.jpg Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1585425193188-KPBUQ5KV0B9Q08N17Z7E/Zaca3.jpg Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1547841962426-XRTTJ03EZ24PVEUF2ISE/Picture2.png Home https://www.weatherclimatehumansystems.org/detail-page daily 0.75 2019-01-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b44e4e5365f02ee34e659ec/1538155157102-ZGOOJ4QG9X9APSD76Z4C/Stocksy_comp_1887532.jpg Detail Page https://www.weatherclimatehumansystems.org/team daily 0.75 2021-09-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1632843155499-LGFQKJTQTLWC7BUCGD7A/20210924-077-34416_Patrick_Brown_Faculty_Expert_Power_Portrait_RCBain_profile_pic.jpg Team - Patrick T. Brown The Weather, Climate and Human Systems Lab at San José State University is run by Dr. Patrick T. Brown. Patrick holds a Bachelors's degree from the University of Wisconsin – Madison in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, a Master's degree from the department he is now a faculty member in (Meteorology & Climate Science at San José State University) and a Ph.D. from Duke University in Earth and Ocean Sciences. He has also conducted research at the Carnegie Institution at Stanford University, NASA JPL at Caltech, NASA Langley in Virginia, NASA Goddard in Washington DC, and NOAA’s GFDL at Princeton University. He has published peer-reviewed papers in Nature, PNAS, and Nature Climate Change, as well as many other journals and his research has been highlighted in The Washington Post, Newsweek, The Huffington Post, and The Guardian among other places. See his full C.V. here. https://www.weatherclimatehumansystems.org/new-page daily 0.75 2019-01-18 https://www.weatherclimatehumansystems.org/research-guidelines daily 0.75 2021-05-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1547843247736-XXKOMLYF15P6POLJPKGN/air-broadcast-antenna-architecture-414812.jpg Research guidelines https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1547843360346-R6UHNL929E1H8MGAA36Z/astronomy-discovery-earth-2422.jpg Research guidelines https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1547842708917-K4IVCNF6AB4P79SJ2SNZ/ai-artificial-intelligence-blur-546819.jpg Research guidelines https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1547856889570-EUZUBLZ7MDZE2GW6QT70/Screen+Shot+2019-01-18+at+4.14.14+PM.png Research guidelines https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1621186826647-EYVDILOM1Q0A6WB3SKKA/Picture4.png Research guidelines - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1621384126461-RO1WL80TW0PYB6WRXXJ0/Screen+Shot+2021-05-18+at+5.27.31+PM.png Research guidelines - Make it stand out From Aguado and Burt https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1621402228164-LGNNX70CNTUMZ8PCRPY9/Screen+Shot+2021-05-18+at+10.29.53+PM.png Research guidelines - Make it stand out From Mensh and Kording (2017) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1621185783164-RKME4W9FOZUJLWS74QYW/Picture1.png Research guidelines - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1621186078757-A8RMW8PCVAAEA3TNH653/Picture3.png Research guidelines - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1621186026654-XUSOE0VNY3KMJLITG88C/Picture2.png Research guidelines - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1621186730280-CP44GSH262K1EV0J9OIO/Picture5.png Research guidelines - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.weatherclimatehumansystems.org/research daily 0.75 2021-09-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1576006182642-FHAHDBN3MPU8ELD7BZEA/Picture1.png Research https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1576006223266-A258PAK27JF2A19OI7US/RAPUS_sfc_temp_003.png Research https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1585425360446-ASRDIJB8XU0ESDG9Y025/Camp_Fire_oli_2018312_Landsat.jpg Research https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1585425409232-8R4POXQLDBRHGD3MF275/Screen+Shot+2020-03-22+at+8.28.59+AM.png Research https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1585428711795-UWWY0A6CY86TABX4BTZ8/photo-1583762310405-136811278d81.jpeg Research https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1615924103677-CCLV7IG3VXJUGH00VXW6/fig+extreme+events.png Research https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1619042007619-CI1AGULC237E6FD70F9K/Screen+Shot+2021-04-21+at+2.52.24+PM.png Research https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1618966956587-HQMC9J7QND7UO5IXC8N6/Screen+Shot+2021-04-20+at+5.48.13+PM.png Research https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1590512646472-BI0E4P5KBU6EHKYLTJCG/W%26S_Fig1.png Research Climatology of potential power supplied by wind and solar resources and a proxy for power demanded via heating and cooling degree days. Left) spatial distribution of climatology for different portions of the year. Right) temporal distribution of climatology with 1st percentile drought weeks highlighted. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1590512774044-AIK491SC27R14H5HPV16/W%26S_Fig2.png Research Composites over the 20 weeks with the lowest domain-average wind power (a,d,g,j), solar power (b,e,h,k) and combined wind+solar power (c,f,I,l). The variables displayed are described on the left. All anomalies are defined with respect to the typical value for that week of the year and the stippling shows where at least 15 of the 20 weeks (75%) showed anomalies of the same sign. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1616713172241-BRJ400VUB937IN8CQZ8W/Screen+Shot+2021-03-25+at+3.53.35+PM.png Research Left) Historical trends (at the dot in the right panel) of the single week of the year with the highest-stress conditions (lowest wind and solar power week or highest heating degree or cooling degree days). Right) Map of trends in the variable labelled on the left. The wind resource is converted to a realistic spatial density using a wind power curve and an assumption about turbine spacing while the solar resource is left as the raw incident solar radiation. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1616643404984-34V4PMP1MEJUOW76PYPV/Screen+Shot+2021-03-24+at+8.34.39+PM.png Research Top) Mean wind speed anomaly when NINO3.4 SSTs are > +1 sigma. Middle) Mean wind speed anomaly when NINO3.4 SSTs are < -1 sigma. Bottom) Top minus middle. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1616643539654-OPNZYYHNQ7QDG95MAOUI/Screen+Shot+2021-03-24+at+8.38.44+PM.png Research Depiction of research combining geolocated population, wind farms, solar farms and high spatiotemporal resolution (2km and 1 hour) historical weather to assess the highest stress situations on the electric power system. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1585426060645-4MP8TKZLBKPE7OGB29IA/human_fire.png Research https://www.weatherclimatehumansystems.org/new-page-1 daily 0.75 2019-01-18 https://www.weatherclimatehumansystems.org/publications daily 0.75 2021-09-27 https://www.weatherclimatehumansystems.org/global-temperature-forecast daily 0.75 2024-08-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/8d260992-ac53-46e5-a6d7-19ba3d44f62c/July+2024.png Global Temperature Forecast - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/0c7d6f7c-d57c-4865-b13d-81024e9a79b9/Final+4+year+forecast+validation.png Global Temperature Forecast - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.weatherclimatehumansystems.org/faq-on-fires-humans-and-global-change daily 0.75 2021-07-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1591398161231-VD4C7PEDD8KPUFGIVTTH/Screen+Shot+2020-06-05+at+3.51.31+PM.png Fires & global change https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1591398245269-8L6AUHQVOXKDA9UWU8QY/FIg+1 Fires & global change Figure 1 | Map of fire types categorized by whether or not fires typically burn on the land surface (surface) or in a forest canopy (crown), how frequently they occur (once every 20 years, once every 20-200 year, once every or more than 200 years for high, medium and low frequency respectively) and whether or not they are typically ignited by humans (H) or are natural (N), from Lavorel et al., 2006 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1591398355218-6ETG6HYPZURKW3PTZ7RG/Fig+2 Fires & global change Figure 2 | Six fire regime characteristics from Andela et al., 2019. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1591398427445-A2GNX7XYH8ROZWX39HD4/Fig.+3 Fires & global change Figure 3 | The type of fire experienced globally separated into 5 categories [boreal forest (BOAF), temperate forest (TMPF), tropical forest deforestation (DEFO), savanna (SAVA) and agriculture (AGRI)] from Andela et al., 2019. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1591398540590-RO7D0Z4UQ0TDVCRJZ0R9/Table+1 Fires & global change Table 1 | Greenhouse gas emissions in tones of CO2-e equivalents from Robinne et al., 2018. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1591398663633-98W8OM6YLJPDJ1HEAADT/Fig.+4 Fires & global change Figure 4 | Visualization illustrating the difference between carbon fluxed to the atmosphere from burning biomass compared to that fluxed to the atmosphere from burning fossil fuels. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1591499318517-XSJN2LJAM10IL6IA9HJA/Fig.+5 Fires & global change Figure 5 | Primary influences of fires represented by the edges of triangles at different time/space scales from Moritz et al., 2005 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1591398958236-RW6MZK2VD5QN9HC876Z9/Fig.+6 Fires & global change Figure 6 | Satellite image from October 22nd, 2007 of fires associated with a Santa Ana wind event over Southern, CA (NOAA). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1591399085735-IQ7OE7LX6AEM3V7RFB8P/Fig.+7 Fires & global change Figure 7 | Visualization of the pathways of human influence on fires. Humans influence fire activity via burning fossil fuels (red pathway) but this is just one and not the largest pathway of influence. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1591399188199-HPZDJI9PVWFFMFBE8HZE/Fig.+8 Fires & global change Figure 8 | Left, total number of fires (dot size) and the proportion ignited by humans from 1992-2012 (color of dot) from Balch et al., 2017. Right, total number of fires from both human ignition and lightning for each day of the year from Balch et al., 2017. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1591499013283-FTZRR597HPAKIAI8P471/Screen+Shot+2020-06-06+at+8.02.54+PM.png Fires & global change Figure 9 | Public awareness poster advocating for the prevention of fires from Doerr & Santin, 2016 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1591399329678-LP1AADWM6MAXBJPPPKTB/Screen+Shot+2020-06-05+at+3.54.34+PM.png Fires & global change Figure 10 | Land use in the U.S. aggregated by category (Bloomberg, 2018) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1591399489688-W8ZK4MFN4XZ1AV02GCFM/Screen+Shot+2020-06-05+at+3.55.13+PM.png Fires & global change Figure 11 | Trends in fire season length from 1979-2010 from Jolly et al., 2015 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1591399576073-DKFDIH5UJWA9ZW5OAJ8K/Screen+Shot+2020-06-05+at+3.55.58+PM.png Fires & global change Figure 12 | Global fire activity in a several metrics since the earth 2000s. Left and middle panel, from Andela et al., 2017, right from Earl & Simmonds, 2018 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1591399682646-DYTLT2NUX5T0D66MQLXY/Screen+Shot+2020-06-05+at+3.56.12+PM.png Fires & global change Figure 13 | Rate of change of fire activity from 1998 to 2015 from Andela et al., 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1593094543585-IAOPPBIATHOMVRA5NRR2/Fig+14 Fires & global change Figure 14 | Burned area in California (a) broken down by region (b-e) and season (colors) from Williams et al. 2019 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1591499244563-8QNACBMV8R9RTL6HSW7D/Fig.+14 Fires & global change Figure 15 | a, global estimate of fire activity (biomass burning) showing that deforestation in the 19th century lead to a relative peak in global fire activity but that fire activity in the 20th century was near a minimum over the past 2,000 years. b,c,d and e, other factors relevant for fire activity (from Marlon et al., 2008). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1591399921148-CZ5RZ39JIDKLQOYQLWRE/Screen+Shot+2020-06-05+at+3.57.26+PM.png Fires & global change Figure 16 | Region-by-region projections of change in fire activity as measured by emissions of carbon (TgC/yr) from Knorr et al., 2016. The impact on total change is decomposed into 5 factors and is shown for a high future greenhouse gas emissions scenario (RCP8.5) and a medium future CO2 emissions scenario (RCP4.5). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1591400069987-ZGZE577DPYXY3B212Y7A/Screen+Shot+2020-06-05+at+3.57.40+PM.png Fires & global change Figure 17 | Estimate of the likelihood of a change in wildfire activity over the 21st century, from Knorr et al., 2016 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1591499525122-GVNAOLV3T29LH95FPD0C/Screen+Shot+2020-06-06+at+8.11.36+PM.png Fires & global change Figure 18 | Model simulations of global fire activity (represented by carbon emissions from fires between 1900 and 2100 from a middle greenhouse gas emissions scenario. Most of the difference in future fires depend on the rate of human urbanization and other sociogeographic factors (from Knorr et al., 2016) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1627487408953-EV239T8UMPIZK31MXN0D/Screen+Shot+2021-07-28+at+8.49.40+AM.png Fires & global change - Make it stand out Figure 19 | left) area-burned in 2020 in California. Right) annual area burned in California (from Calfire). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1627487775898-0UHQQT3IUXW957XQVQ1E/Screen+Shot+2021-07-28+at+8.55.19+AM.png Fires & global change - Make it stand out Figure 20 | Annual area-burned in US West from Bowman et al., 2020 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1627488924718-GUPGM4SN6B383Z93L1NP/Screen+Shot+2021-07-28+at+9.14.46+AM.png Fires & global change - Make it stand out Figure 21 | A cross section of a tree from California illustrating fire suppression policy starting in the early 1900s. Nine burn scares are apparent from 1783 to 1908, indicating that the tree experienced fire (which obviously did not kill the tree) about once every 14 years. Since 1908, however, no burn scares are seen, indicating the fires have been suppressed. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1627489454530-2JDHF7VRSQTV8ZVBIK6I/Screen+Shot+2021-07-28+at+9.23.52+AM.png Fires & global change - Make it stand out Figure 22 | Comparison of fire occurring in a forest where an unnatural amount of surface vegetation has been allowed to build up due to fire suppression policies (top) and a forest that is either managed through controlled burns / mechanical thinning or has been allowed to experience natural fires (bottom). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c41f0a59d5abb9ac95e1cab/1591400298967-LK8S40DWVFEKVQXG82JT/Screen+Shot+2020-06-05+at+3.58.19+PM.png Fires & global change Figure XXX | Various CO2 emissions scenarios over the 21st century (lines) and the associated level of global warming by 2100 (bars on right side) from Rogelj et al., 2018 https://www.weatherclimatehumansystems.org/class-on-climate-change daily 0.75 2021-01-13